Factors of Virulence and Mechanisms of Resistance to Aminoglycosides in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium with High-level Gentamicin Resistance
Faktory virulencie a mechanizmy rezistencie voči aminoglykozidom u klinických izolátov Enterococcus faecalis a Enterococcus faecium rezistentných voči vysokým hladinám gentamicínu
Grampozitívne baktérie Enterococcus faecalis a E. faecium sú komensálne organizmy, ktoré sa pod vplyvom selekčného tlaku menia na pôvodcov infekčných ochorení. Z dôvodu prirodzenej rezistencie a efektívnych mechanizmov prenosu genetického materiálu je terapia enterokokových ochorení náročná. V antiinfekčnej terapii majú významné postavenie aminoglykozidy. Baktericídny účinok, vhodné farmakokinetické vlastnosti a synergické pôsobenie s beta-laktámami a glykopeptidmi podporujú ich používanie v terapeutickej praxi. K hlavným mechanizmom rezistencie voči aminoglykozidom patrí enzymatická inaktivácia antibiotika aminoglykozid=modifikujúcimi enzýmami (AGMEs), ktoré sa líšia schopnosťou inaktivovať rozdielne spektrum aminoglykozidov. K patogenite enterokokov prispievajú nemalou mierou aj faktory virulencie, ktorých participácia v patogenéze infekčných ochorení je zatiaľ nedostatočne objasnená. Vlastnosti enterokokov ako produkcia beta-hemolyzínu (Hly), želatinázy (Gel), agregačnej substancie (AS) a syntéza enterokokového povrchového proteínu (Esp) patria medzi najčastejšie študované potenciálne faktory virulencie.
Kľúčové slová:
Enterococcus faecalis – E. faecium – aminoglykozidy – rezistencia – faktory virulencie.
Authors:
M. Filipová; H. Bujdáková
Authors‘ workplace:
Katedra mikrobiológie a virológie, Prírodovedecká fakulta Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava
Published in:
Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 54, 2005, č. 2, s. 65-74
Overview
Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are grampositive commensal bacteria that may become pathogenic under the selection pressure. In view of natural resistance and effective mechanisms of genetic transfer, the treatment of enterococcal diseases is rather complicated. Aminoglycosides are clinically relevant antimicrobials that are frequently prescribed in practice since having good pharmacokinetics and showing synergism with beta-lactam and glycopeptides. One of the major mechanisms involved in aminoglycoside resistance is inactivation of the antibiotic agent by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AGMEs) differing in the capacity for inactivation of specific types of aminoglycosides. The factors of virulence are also involved in enterococcal pathogenicity but their role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases remains unclear. Production of betahemolysin (Hly), gelatinase (Gel), and aggregation substance (AS), and synthesis of enterococcal surface protein (Esp) are among the most frequently studied potential virulence factors.
Key words:
Enterococcus faecalis – E. faecium – aminoglycosides – resistance – factors of virulence.
Labels
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiologyArticle was published in
Epidemiology, Microbiology, Immunology
2005 Issue 2
- Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis – A Common Accompanying Infection in Patients with Severe or Critical Course of COVID-19
- Intestinal Infection of Multi-Resistant NDM-Producing K. pneumoniae in a Patient with NK/T Lymphoma – Case Study
- Overview of Current Treatment Options for MRSA-Induced Pneumonia
- Bacterial Community Pneumonia and Its Treatment in Children
- Current Insights into the Etiology of Community Pneumonia: Pneumococci Still Leading?
Most read in this issue
- Factors of Virulence and Mechanisms of Resistance to Aminoglycosides in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium with High-level Gentamicin Resistance
- Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Possibilities for Laboratory Diagnosis
- Immunological Monitoring of Sepsis Using Flow Cytometry – Quantitation of Monocyte HLA-DR Expression and Granulocyte CD64 Expression
- Microbicidal Efficacy of a New Foam Disinfectant