Molecular Genetics of the Wilms’ Tumor
MOLEKULÁRNÍ GENETIKA WILMSOVA TUMORU
Molekulárně genetická charakterizace Wilmsova tumoru hraje důležitou roli v osvětlení genetických aspektů nádorového onemocnění obecně. Na rozdíl od geneze retinoblastomu, kde je při dvou zásazích inaktivován jediný gen, jsou biologické signalizační dráhy podmiňující vznik Wilmsova tumoru je ztráta heterozygozity na krátkém raménku chromozómu 11 nejčastější genetickou alterací, což svědčí o vyřazení jednoho nebo několika nádorových supresorových genů, které jsou lokalizovány v oblasti 11p. Nejlépe prostudovaným genem Wilmsova tumoru je gen WT1, který byl klonován a sekvenován. Biologická funkce proteinu WT1 je komplexní a pravděpodobně vyžaduje interakci s jinými proteiny, DNA, ale i RNA. Do rozvoje nádorů jsou zahrnuty nejen změny genetické, nýbrž i epigenetické, např. hypermetylace promotoru a genomový imprinting.
Klíčová slova:
Wilmsův tumor, gen WT1, kandidátní lokusy, epigenetické alterace.
Authors:
M. Papežová; J. Mareš; P. Goetz
Authors‘ workplace:
Ústav biologie a lékařské genetiky 2. LF UK, Praha
Published in:
Čas. Lék. čes. 2001; : 323-327
Category:
Overview
Molecular genetics of the Wilms’ tumor plays an important role in the elucidation of the genetic etiology of the tumor disease generally. Contrary to the genesis of retinoblastoma, where a single gene is inactivated by two hits, the biological signalling pathways determining the origin of the Wilms’ tumor are more complex and several genes in several loci may participate. Formation of the Wilms’ tumor is accompanied with the most frequent genetic alteration, which is the loss of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 11. It indicates inactivation of one or several tumor suppressor genes located at 11p region. The most studied gene of the Wilms’ tumor is WT1 gene, which has been cloned and sequenced. Biological function of WT1 protein is complex one and it requires probably an interaction with other proteins, DNA and also RNA. The development of the tumor determines not only the genetic changes, but also epigenetic changes, e.g., hypermethylation of promoter and genome imprinting.
Key words:
Wilms’ tumor, WT1 gene, candidate loci, epigenetic alterations
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