Nobelovu cenu (NC) v letech 1901 až 2024 obdrželo 976 jednotlivců, z toho pouze 65 žen, a 28 organizací. Za fyziologii nebo medicínu byla zatím udělena 115×, a to 229 laureátům, mezi nimiž je jen 13 žen a polovina z nich obdržela toto ocenění až v 21. století. Nabízíme vám přehled laureátek NC, jež výrazně ovlivnily moderní medicínu.

A recent study published in the journal Microbiome described a potentially protective role of citrus fruits in the incidence of depression. The connection involves a bacterium present in the gut microbiome—Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—whose growth is stimulated by citrus fruits, influencing serotonin and dopamine production.

A recent study published in the journal Microbiome described a potentially protective role of citrus fruits in the incidence of depression. The connection is linked to a type of bacteria present in the gut microbiome—Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—whose growth is stimulated by citrus fruits and which influences the production of serotonin and dopamine.

Diabetes mellitus 2. typu (DM2) je heterogenní onemocnění, jehož patofyziologie je způsobena různými poruchami ve zpracování glukózy. Aktuálně používané diagnostické metody však podle některých odborníků neposkytují dostatečné informace o individuálních metabolických odchylkách. Výzkumný tým pod vedením Ahmeda A. Metwallyho ze Stanfordovy univerzity ve studii publikované v časopisu Nature Biomedical Engineering navrhuje metodu, která identifikuje metabolické subfenotypy DM2 pomocí kontinuálního monitorování glukózy a algoritmů strojového učení.…

Intramedullary nails are one of the fundamental tools used in the fixation of long bone fractures. The nail is inserted into the center of the damaged bone and has transverse screws at both ends that ensure a firm connection with the fractured bone in various planes. However, securing the distal end of the nail represents a relatively complicated and time-consuming procedure, where maximum accuracy is crucial. According to a group of Moroccan scientists, current procedures for targeting and inserting nails are not sufficiently effective. In a…

A technology with a name more reminiscent of a bag of chips than gene therapy received its first approval for entry into a clinical study last November. The approach, based on RNA editing using the CRISPR-Cas13 technique, will be used to treat age-related macular degeneration. How does the method actually work, and what can we expect from it in the future?

3D printing is increasingly gaining importance in various fields of medicine. One of these fields is gynecological oncology, where it has significant potential to improve diagnostics, treatment planning, and interdisciplinary communication. A group of German doctors, therefore, focused on comparing individualized 3D models of cervical cancer and explored their potential benefits for translational oncology in a new study published in the journal 3D Printing in Medicine.